Python開發星際游戲實例教程

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
 """表示單個外星人的類"""
 
 def init(self,ai_settings,screen):
 """初始化外星人并設置其他位置"""
 super(Alien,self).init()
 self.screen = screen
 self.ai_settings = ai_settings
 
 #加載外星人圖像，并設置其rect屬性
 self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
 self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
 
 #每個外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
 self.rect.x = self.rect.width
 self.rect.y = self.rect.height
 
 #存儲外星人的準確位置
 self.x = float(self.rect.x)
 
 
 def blitme(self):
 """在指定位置繪制外星人"""
 self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
 
 def check_edges(self):
 """如果外星人位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True"""
 screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
 if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
 return True
 elif self.rect.left <= 0:
 return True
 
 def update(self):
 """向右移動外星人"""
 self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
 self.rect.x = self.x

import pygame

from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
import game_functions as gf
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

def run_game():
 pygame.init() # 初始化背景設置
 ai_settings = Settings() # 全局設置

 screen = pygame.display.set_mode( # 創建screen顯示窗口
 (ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height)
 )
 pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion') # 標題
 #新建Play按鈕
 play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
 #創建一個用于存儲游戲統計信息的實例,并創建記分牌
 stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
 sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
 # 創建飛船
 ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
 # 創建子彈編組
 bullets = Group()
 
 #創建一個外星人
 aliens = Group()
 #創建外星人群
 gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
 
 # 開始游戲主循環
 while True:
 # 監視鍵盤和鼠標事件
 gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
 
 if stats.game_active:
 # 移動飛船
 gf.update_ship(ship)
 # 更新子彈位置
 gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
 #更新外星人
 gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
 # 更新屏幕
 gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)

run_game()

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
import time

class Bullet(Sprite):
 '''飛船子彈進行管理'''

 def init(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
 super(Bullet,self).init()
 self.screen = screen

 # 創建子彈矩形初始位置（0,0,3,15）分別對應lef，top，寬，高
 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,
 ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)

 self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx # 設置中心點x軸坐標跟飛船一致
 self.rect.top = ship.rect.top # 設置y軸坐標頂部跟飛船一致

 # 設置成小數進行計算
 self.top = float(self.rect.top)

 self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
 self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

 def update(self):
 self.top -=self.speed_factor
 self.rect.top = self.top
 print(self.rect.top)

 def draw_bullet(self):
 pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

import pygame.font

class Button():
 
 def init(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
 """初始化按鈕屬性"""
 self.screen = screen
 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
 
 #設置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性
 self.width,self.height = 200,50
 self.button_color = (0,255,0)
 self.text_color = (255,255,255)
 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
 
 #創建按鈕的rect對象，并使其居中
 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
 self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
 
 #按鈕的標簽只需創建一次
 self.prep_msg(msg)
 
 def prep_msg(self,msg):
 """將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中"""
 self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
 self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
 self.msg_image_rect.center =self.rect.center
 
 def draw_button(self):
 #繪制一個用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本
 self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
 self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
 # 監視鍵盤和鼠標事件
 for event in pygame.event.get():

 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # 關閉窗口退出
 sys.exit()
 elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
 check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
 check_keyup_events(event,ship)
 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
 mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
 check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y)
 
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y):
 """在玩家單擊Play按鈕時開始游戲"""
 button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
 if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
 #重置游戲設置
 ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
 
 #隱藏光標
 pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
 #重置游戲統計信息
 stats.reset_stats()
 stats.game_active = True
 
 #重置計分牌圖像
 sb.prep_score()
 sb.prep_high_score()
 sb.prep_level()
 sb.prep_ships()
 
 #清空外星人列表和子彈列表
 aliens.empty()
 bullets.empty()
 
 #創建一群新的外星人，并讓飛船居中
 create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
 ship.center_ship()
 
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
 '''更新屏幕上的圖片，并切換到新屏幕'''
 screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) # 設置背景顏色
 ship.blitme() # 繪制飛船
 aliens.draw(screen)
 # 循環子彈組里面的元素，進行繪制 為空時不執行
 for bullet in bullets.sprites():
 bullet.draw_bullet() # 繪制子彈
 #顯示得分
 sb.show_score()
 #如果游戲處于非活躍狀態，就顯示Play按鈕
 if not stats.game_active:
 play_button.draw_button()
 # 顯示最新屏幕，擦拭舊屏幕
 pygame.display.flip()
 # print('1')

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
 ship.moving_right = True
 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
 ship.moving_left = True
 elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
 fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
 elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
 sys.exit()

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
 ship.moving_right = False
 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
 ship.moving_left = False

def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
 '''更新子彈位置，刪除子彈'''
 bullets.update() # 子彈組每個成員執行self.update()操作
 for bullet in bullets.sprites():
 if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: # 子彈出界 刪除
 bullets.remove(bullet)
 check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets): 
 """響應外星人和子彈的碰撞"""
 #刪除發生碰撞的子彈和外星人
 collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
 
 if collisions:
 for aliens in collisions.values(): 
 stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
 sb.prep_score()
 check_high_score(stats,sb)
 
 if len(aliens)==0:
 #刪除現有的子彈并新建一群外星人,加快游戲進度節奏
 bullets.empty()
 ai_settings.increase_speed()
 
 #提高等級
 stats.level += 1
 sb.prep_level()
 
 create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

def update_ship(ship):
 ship.update()

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
 # 創建一個子彈對象 加入到子彈組
 if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: # 子彈少于允許值時再生成
 new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
 bullets.add(new_bullet)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
 """計算每行可容納多少個外星人"""
 available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
 number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
 return number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
 """計算屏幕可容納多少行外星人"""
 available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
 number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
 return number_rows
 
def create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
 """創建一個外星人并將其放在當期行"""
 alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
 alien_width = alien.rect.width
 alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number 
 alien.rect.x = alien.x
 alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
 aliens.add(alien)
 
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
 """創建外星人群"""
 #創建一個外星人，并計算一行可以容納多少個外星人
 #外星人間距為外星人寬度
 alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
 number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
 number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
 
 #創建第一行外星人
 for row_number in range(number_rows):
 for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
 #創建一個外星人并將其加入當前行
 create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
 
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
 """有外星人到達邊緣時采取相應措施"""
 for alien in aliens.sprites():
 if alien.check_edges():
 change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
 break
 
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
 """將整群外星人下移，并改變他們的運動方向"""
 for alien in aliens.sprites():
 alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
 ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
 """響應被外星人撞到的飛船"""
 if stats.ships_left > 0:
 #將ship_left減1
 stats.ships_left -= 1
 
 #更新記分牌
 sb.prep_ships()
 
 #清空外星人列表和子彈列表
 aliens.empty()
 bullets.empty()
 #創建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕低端中央
 create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
 ship.center_ship()
 #暫停
 sleep(0.5)
 else:
 stats.game_active = False
 pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
 """檢查是否有外星人到達屏幕低端"""
 screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
 for alien in aliens.sprites():
 if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
 #像飛船被撞到一樣進行處理
 ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
 break

 
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
 """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
 check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
 aliens.update()
 #檢測外星人和飛船之間的碰撞
 if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
 ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
 #檢查是否有外星人到達屏幕低端
 check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

def check_high_score(stats,sb):
 """檢查是否誕生了新的最高紀錄"""
 if stats.score > stats.high_score:
 stats.high_score = stats.score
 sb.prep_high_score()

class GameStats():
 """跟蹤游戲的統計信息"""
 def init(self,ai_settings):
 """初始化統計信息"""
 self.ai_settings = ai_settings
 self.reset_stats()
 #游戲剛啟動時處于非活動狀態
 self.game_active = False
 #在任何情況下不應該重置最高分
 self.high_score = 0
 self.level = 1
 
 def reset_stats(self):
 """初始化在游戲運行期間可能變化的統計信息"""
 self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
 self.score = 0

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():
 """顯示得分信息的類"""
 
 def init(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
 """初始化顯示得分涉及的屬性"""
 self.screen =screen
 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
 self.ai_settings = ai_settings
 self.stats = stats
 
 #顯示得分信息時使用的字體設置
 self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
 
 #準備初始化得分圖像和當前最高分數
 self.prep_score()
 self.prep_high_score()
 self.prep_level()
 self.prep_ships()
 
 def prep_score(self):
 """將得分轉換為一幅渲染的圖像"""
 rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))
 score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
 self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
 
 #將得分放在右上角
 self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
 self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
 self.score_rect.top = 5
 
 def prep_high_score(self):
 """將最高得分轉換為渲染圖像"""
 high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))
 high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
 self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
 
 #將最高分放在屏幕最中央
 self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
 self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
 self.high_score_rect.top = 5
 
 def prep_level(self):
 """將等級轉換為渲染圖像"""
 self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
 
 #將得分放在右上角
 self.level_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
 self.level_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right
 self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom 
 
 def prep_ships(self):
 """顯示還剩下多少艘飛船"""
 self.ships = Group()
 for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
 ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)
 ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
 ship.rect.y = 10
 self.ships.add(ship)
 
 def show_score(self):
 """在屏幕上顯示得分和等級"""
 self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
 self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
 self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
 #繪制飛船
 self.ships.draw(self.screen)

class Settings():
 '''存儲外星人入侵中所有的設置'''

 def init(self):
 '''初始化設置'''
 #屏幕設置
 self.screen_width = 1200
 self.screen_height = 600
 self.bg_color = (230,230,230) # 設置背景色 灰色
 
 #飛船設置
 self.ship_limit = 3
 self.ship_image_path = 'images/ship.bmp' # 飛船圖片路徑
 
 #子彈設置
 self.bullet_width = 3
 self.bullet_height = 15
 self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
 self.bullets_allowed = 3 # 允許屏幕中出現子彈的數量
 
 #外星人設置
 self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
 
 
 #以什么樣的速度加快游戲節奏
 self.speedup_scale = 1.1
 #外星人點數提高速度
 self.score_scale = 1.5
 
 self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
 
 def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
 """初始化隨游戲進行而變化的設置"""
 self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
 self.alien_speed_factor = 1
 
 #fleet_direction為1表示向右移，為-1表示向左移
 self.fleet_direction = 1
 
 #計分
 self.alien_points = 50
 
 def increase_speed(self):
 """提高速度設置,外星人點數"""
 self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
 self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
 self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
 
 self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
 print(self.alien_points)

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
 '''飛船所有信息'''

 def init(self,ai_settings,screen):
 """初始化飛船，并設置其起始位置"""
 super(Ship,self).init()
 self.screen=screen
 self.ai_settings = ai_settings

 # 加載飛船圖片、獲取外接矩形
 self.image = pygame.image.load(self.ai_settings.ship_image_path) # 加載圖片
 self.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image,(40,60))
 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() # 獲取圖片外接矩形
 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #獲取屏幕外接矩形

 # 將每搜新飛船放到并木底部中心
 self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
 self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
 # 設置成浮點類型
 self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) # self.rect.centerx設置不了浮點數 只能另設置一個變量進行運算

 # 移動標志
 self.moving_right = False
 self.moving_left = False

 def blitme(self):
 '''在指定位置繪制飛船'''
 self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

 def update(self):
 # 向右移動飛船
 if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
 self.center +=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
 # 向左移動飛船
 if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > self.screen_rect.left:
 self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

 self.rect.centerx = self.center

 def center_ship(self):
 """讓飛船在屏幕上居中"""
 self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx